H David Stewart

French Historians 1900-2000: The New Historical Writing in Twentieth-Century France examines the lives and writings of 40 of France's great twentieth-century historians. Blends biography with critical analysis of major works, placing the work of the French historians in the context of their life stories Includes contributions from over 30 international scholars Provides English-speaking readers with a new insight into the key French historians of the last century.

The French government annexed the province of Roussillon in 1659, just as Louis XIV reached his majority. The region was peopled by Catalans, a group with their own language, religious values, political traditions, and cultural patterns. Louis XIV and his ministers sought to accomplish two goals in the province. First, they wanted to compel the Roussillonnais to accept French political authority as legitimate and, second, they desired to eradicate the Catalan cultural identity in the province. This study examines the means by which the French chose to pursue their goals and the methods of resistance employed by the inhabitants of Roussillon. It concludes with an explanation of why the French ultimately failed to acculturate the province despite their success in asserting their political authority.

From 1702 to 1714, the War of the Spanish Succession affected most of Europe and significant parts of the New World, with battles ranging from the Hungarian plains to the harbors of Rio de Janeiro. The death of the last Hapsburg King of Spain unleashed a struggle for his empire. This book includes entries analyzing the individuals who determined the course of the war, who played a diplomatic, economic, or military role, as well as entries analyzing the pivotal battles influencing the outcome. The provisions of the final treaties, known as the Pacification of Utrecht, are examined in detail, as is the significance of those provisions. The diplomats at Utrecht followed the principles of balance of power, compensation, and legitimacy to mold the peace. The peace set the boundaries of Western Europe until the convulsion of the French Revolution.

The book opens with an introduction pointing to the significance of the treaties provisions. The alphabetical arrangement of the entries, the numerous cross-references, the bibliographies at the end of the entries, a genealogical table, a chronology, and the index make this work easy to use.

Bioconcentration data for chlorinated organic compounds is analyzed in a response surface technique using molecular connectivity indices to represent the molecular structure of the compounds. The response surface method is described and applied to this data set. The model uses the zero order chi indices, 0 chi and 0 chi v, as the variables in a general two-dimensional parabolic equation. The statistical results suggest a good model for estimation of BCF values: [Formula: see text] The data set is analyzed further in terms of the sigma and delta chi zero indices: sigma x 0 = 0 chi + 0 chi v and delta x 0 = 0 chi - 0 chi v. These transformed chi indices are orthogonal and represent structure information in a useful manner. The sigma x 0 index encodes molecular size and the delta x 0 index encodes electronic features related to pi and lone pair electrons. The structure information in the data set is analyzed in terms of these significant structure features. The data are presented in the form of a contour plot which facilitates analysis and indicates the maximum BCF for this data set.

A compilation of reports of biological effects and related ultrasound exposure levels can be useful in the identification of trends in effects data that may be developing in the literature. The exposures in the experiments reviewed were at frequencies used in medicine. For short (10 minutes or less) continuous wave exposure, with the exception of behavioral effects where variable results have been observed, this tabulation did not identify any in vivo or in vitro effects at spatial peak, temporal average (SPTA) intensities less than 100 mW/cm2. However, a number of effects using pulsed sources with SPTA intensities under this level have been reported. There are several frequently recurring topics in recent reports which include developmental effects and microstructure changes at the cellular level. In addition to animal investigations, there are some limited human epidemiological studies reporting an association between medical ultrasound exposure in utero and developmental effects. Although sufficient research has not been completed to draw conclusions, the findings deserve further investigation. A systematic pattern of directed research on a large scale is not apparent. The available data consist of many scattered studies conducted by individual investigators and groups throughout the world.