Galaxy Tomography with the Gravitational Wave Background from Supermassive Black Hole Binaries

Yifan Chen; Matthias Daniel; Daniel J D'Orazio; Andrea Mitridate; Laura Sagunski; Xiao Xue; Gabriella Agazie; Jeremy G Baier; Paul T Baker; Bence Bécsy; Laura Blecha; Adam Brazier; Paul R Brook; Sarah Burke-Spolaor; Rand Burnette; J. Andrew Casey-Clyde; Maria Charisi; Shami Chatterjee; Tyler Cohen; James M Cordes; Neil J Cornish; Fronefield Crawford; H. Thankful Cromartie; Megan E DeCesar; Paul B Demorest; Heling Deng; Lankeswar Dey; Timothy Dolch; Elizabeth C Ferrara; William Fiore; Emmanuel Fonseca; Gabriel E Freedman; Emiko C Gardiner; Kyle A Gersbach; Joseph Glaser; Deborah C Good; Kayhan Gültekin; Jeffrey S Hazboun; Ross J Jennings; Aaron D Johnson; David L Kaplan; Luke Zoltan Kelley; Joey S Key; Nima Laal; Michael T Lam; William G Lamb; Bjorn Larsen; T. Joseph W Lazio; Natalia Lewandowska; Tingting Liu; Jing Luo; Ryan S Lynch; Chung-Pei Ma; Dustin R Madison; Alexander McEwen; James W McKee; Maura A McLaughlin; Patrick M Meyers; Chiara M. F Mingarelli; David J Nice; Stella Koch Ocker; Ken D Olum; Timothy T Pennucci; Polina Petrov; Nihan S Pol; Henri A Radovan; Scott M Ransom; Paul S Ray; Joseph D Romano; Jessie C Runnoe; Alexander Saffer; Shashwat C Sardesai; Kai Schmitz; Xavier Siemens; Joseph Simon; Magdalena S Siwek; Sophia V. Sosa Fiscella; Ingrid H Stairs; Daniel R Stinebring; Abhimanyu Susobhanan; Joseph K Swiggum; Jacob Taylor; Stephen R Taylor; Jacob E Turner; Caner Unal; Michele Vallisneri; Rutger van Haasteren; Joris Verbiest; Sarah J Vigeland; Caitlin A Witt; David Wright; Olivia Young

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2411.05906

Preprint

Galaxy Tomography with the Gravitational Wave Background from Supermassive Black Hole Binaries

Yifan Chen, Matthias Daniel, Daniel J D'Orazio, Andrea Mitridate, Laura Sagunski, Xiao Xue, Gabriella Agazie, Jeremy G Baier, Paul T Baker, Bence Bécsy, …

08/11/2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2411.05906

Abstract

Physics - Astrophysics of Galaxies

Physics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Physics - General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Physics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

Physics - High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

The detection of a stochastic gravitational wave background by pulsar timing arrays suggests the presence of a supermassive black hole binary population. Although the observed spectrum generally aligns with predictions from orbital evolution driven by gravitational wave emission in circular orbits, there is a discernible preference for a turnover at the lowest observed frequencies. This turnover could indicate a significant hardening phase, transitioning from early environmental influences to later stages predominantly influenced by gravitational wave emission. In the vicinity of these binaries, the ejection of stars or dark matter particles through gravitational three-body slingshots efficiently extracts orbital energy, leading to a low-frequency turnover in the spectrum. By analyzing the NANOGrav 15-year data, we assess how the gravitational wave spectrum depends on the initial inner galactic profile prior to disruption by binary ejections, accounting for a range of initial binary eccentricities. Our findings suggest a parsec-scale galactic center density around $10^6\,M_\odot/\textrm{pc}^3$ across most of the parameter space, offering insights into the environmental effects on black hole evolution and combined matter density near galaxy centers.

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Title: Galaxy Tomography with the Gravitational Wave Background from Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
Creators - without role: Yifan Chen - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Matthias Daniel - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Daniel J D'Orazio - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Andrea Mitridate - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Laura Sagunski - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Xiao Xue - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Gabriella Agazie - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Jeremy G Baier - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Paul T Baker - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Bence Bécsy - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Laura Blecha - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Adam Brazier - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Paul R Brook - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Sarah Burke-Spolaor - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Rand Burnette - The NANOGrav Collaboration
J. Andrew Casey-Clyde - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Maria Charisi - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Shami Chatterjee - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Tyler Cohen - The NANOGrav Collaboration
James M Cordes - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Neil J Cornish - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Fronefield Crawford - The NANOGrav Collaboration
H. Thankful Cromartie - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Megan E DeCesar - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Paul B Demorest - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Heling Deng - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Lankeswar Dey - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Timothy Dolch - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Elizabeth C Ferrara - The NANOGrav Collaboration
William Fiore - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Emmanuel Fonseca - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Gabriel E Freedman - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Emiko C Gardiner - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Kyle A Gersbach - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Joseph Glaser - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Deborah C Good - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Kayhan Gültekin - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Jeffrey S Hazboun - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Ross J Jennings - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Aaron D Johnson - The NANOGrav Collaboration
David L Kaplan - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Luke Zoltan Kelley - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Joey S Key - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Nima Laal - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Michael T Lam - The NANOGrav Collaboration
William G Lamb - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Bjorn Larsen - The NANOGrav Collaboration
T. Joseph W Lazio - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Natalia Lewandowska - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Tingting Liu - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Jing Luo - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Ryan S Lynch - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Chung-Pei Ma - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Dustin R Madison - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Alexander McEwen - The NANOGrav Collaboration
James W McKee - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Maura A McLaughlin - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Patrick M Meyers - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Chiara M. F Mingarelli - The NANOGrav Collaboration
David J Nice - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Stella Koch Ocker - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Ken D Olum - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Timothy T Pennucci - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Polina Petrov - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Nihan S Pol - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Henri A Radovan - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Scott M Ransom - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Paul S Ray - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Joseph D Romano - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Jessie C Runnoe - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Alexander Saffer - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Shashwat C Sardesai - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Kai Schmitz - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Xavier Siemens - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Joseph Simon - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Magdalena S Siwek - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Sophia V. Sosa Fiscella - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Ingrid H Stairs - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Daniel R Stinebring - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Abhimanyu Susobhanan - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Joseph K Swiggum - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Jacob Taylor - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Stephen R Taylor - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Jacob E Turner - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Caner Unal - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Michele Vallisneri - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Rutger van Haasteren - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Joris Verbiest - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Sarah J Vigeland - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Caitlin A Witt - The NANOGrav Collaboration
David Wright - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Olivia Young - The NANOGrav Collaboration
Identifiers: 991019602489107081
Academic Unit: Physics
Language: English
Resource Type: Preprint