Comparing Recent Pulsar Timing Array Results on the Nanohertz Stochastic Gravitational-wave Background

G. Agazie; J. Antoniadis; A. Anumarlapudi; A. M. Archibald; P. Arumugam; S. Arumugam; Z. Arzoumanian; J. Askew; S. Babak; M. Bagchi; M. Bailes; A.-S. Bak Nielsen; P. T. Baker; C. G. Bassa; A. Bathula; B. Bécsy; A. Berthereau; N. D. R. Bhat; L. Blecha; M. Bonetti; E. Bortolas; A. Brazier; P. R. Brook; M. Burgay; S. Burke-Spolaor; R. Burnette; R. N. Caballero; A. Cameron; R. Case; A. Chalumeau; D. J. Champion; S. Chanlaridis; M. Charisi; S. Chatterjee; K. Chatziioannou; B. D. Cheeseboro; S. Chen; Z.-C. Chen; I. Cognard; T. Cohen; W. A. Coles; J. M. Cordes; N. J. Cornish; F. Crawford; H. T. Cromartie; K. Crowter; M. Curyło; C. J. Cutler; S. Dai; S. Dandapat; D. Deb; M. E. DeCesar; D. DeGan; P. B. Demorest; H. Deng; S. Desai; G. Desvignes; L. Dey; N. Dhanda-Batra; V. Di Marco; T. Dolch; B. Drachler; C. Dwivedi; J. A. Ellis; M. Falxa; Y. Feng; R. D. Ferdman; E. C. Ferrara; W. Fiore; E. Fonseca; A. Franchini; G. E. Freedman; J. R. Gair; N. Garver-Daniels; P. A. Gentile; K. A. Gersbach; J. Glaser; D. C. Good; B. Goncharov; A. Gopakumar; E. Graikou; J.-M. Griessmeier; L. Guillemot; K. Gültekin; Y. J. Guo; Y. Gupta; K. Grunthal; J. S. Hazboun; S. Hisano; G. B. Hobbs; S. Hourihane; H. Hu; F. Iraci; K. Islo; D. Izquierdo-Villalba; J. Jang; J. Jawor; G. H. Janssen; R. J. Jennings; A. Jessner; A. D. Johnson; M. L. Jones; B. C. Joshi; A. R. Kaiser; D. L. Kaplan; A. Kapur; F. Kareem; R. Karuppusamy; E. F. Keane; M. J. Keith; L. Z. Kelley; M. Kerr; J. S. Key; D. Kharbanda; T. Kikunaga; T. C. Klein; N. Kolhe; M. Kramer; M. A. Krishnakumar; A. Kulkarni; N. Laal; K. Lackeos; M. T. Lam; W. G. Lamb; B. B. Larsen; T. J. W. Lazio; K. J. Lee; Y. Levin; N. Lewandowska; T. B. Littenberg; K. Liu; T. Liu; Y. Liu; A. Lommen; D. R. Lorimer; M. E. Lower; J. Luo; R. Luo; R. S. Lynch; A. G. Lyne; C.-P. Ma; Y. Maan; D. R. Madison; R. A. Main; R. N. Manchester; R. Mandow; M. A. Mattson; A. McEwen; J. W. McKee; M. A. McLaughlin; N. McMann; B. W. Meyers; P. M. Meyers; M. B. Mickaliger; M. Miles; C. M. F. Mingarelli; A. Mitridate; P. Natarajan; R. S. Nathan; C. Ng; D. J. Nice; I. C. Niţu; K. Nobleson; S. K. Ocker; K. D. Olum; S. Osłowski; A. K. Paladi; A. Parthasarathy; T. T. Pennucci; B. B. P. Perera; D. Perrodin; A. Petiteau; P. Petrov; N. S. Pol; N. K. Porayko; A. Possenti; T. Prabu; H. Quelquejay Leclere; H. A. Radovan; P. Rana; S. M. Ransom; P. S. Ray; D. J. Reardon; A. F. Rogers; J. D. Romano; C. J. Russell; A. Samajdar; S. A. Sanidas; S. C. Sardesai; A. Schmiedekamp; C. Schmiedekamp; K. Schmitz; L. Schult; A. Sesana; G. Shaifullah; R. M. Shannon; B. J. Shapiro-Albert; X. Siemens; J. Simon; J. Singha; M. S. Siwek; L. Speri; R. Spiewak; A. Srivastava; I. H. Stairs; B. W. Stappers; D. R. Stinebring; K. Stovall; J. P. Sun; M. Surnis; S. C. Susarla; A. Susobhanan; J. K. Swiggum; K. Takahashi; P. Tarafdar; J. Taylor; S. R. Taylor; G. Theureau; E. Thrane; N. Thyagarajan; C. Tiburzi; L. Toomey; J. E. Turner; C. Unal; M. Vallisneri; E. van der Wateren; R. van Haasteren; A. Vecchio; V. Venkatraman Krishnan; J. P. W. Verbiest; S. J. Vigeland; H. M. Wahl; S. Wang; Q. Wang; C. A. Witt; J. Wang; L. Wang; K. E. Wayt; Z. Wu; O. Young; L. Zhang; S. Zhang; X.-J. Zhu; A. Zic; The International Pulsar Timing Array Collaboration

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad36be

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Comparing Recent Pulsar Timing Array Results on the Nanohertz Stochastic Gravitational-wave Background

G. Agazie, J. Antoniadis, A. Anumarlapudi, A. M. Archibald, P. Arumugam, S. Arumugam, Z. Arzoumanian, J. Askew, S. Babak, M. Bagchi, …

The Astrophysical journal, Vol.966(1), p.105

01/01/2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad36be

Abstract

Gravitational waves

Pulsars

The Australian, Chinese, European, Indian, and North American pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations recently reported, at varying levels, evidence for the presence of a nanohertz gravitational-wave background (GWB). Given that each PTA made different choices in modeling their data, we perform a comparison of the GWB and individual pulsar noise parameters across the results reported from the PTAs that constitute the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA). We show that despite making different modeling choices, there is no significant difference in the GWB parameters that are measured by the different PTAs, agreeing within 1 σ . The pulsar noise parameters are also consistent between different PTAs for the majority of the pulsars included in these analyses. We bridge the differences in modeling choices by adopting a standardized noise model for all pulsars and PTAs, finding that under this model there is a reduction in the tension in the pulsar noise parameters. As part of this reanalysis, we “extended” each PTA’s data set by adding extra pulsars that were not timed by that PTA. Under these extensions, we find better constraints on the GWB amplitude and a higher signal-to-noise ratio for the Hellings–Downs correlations. These extensions serve as a prelude to the benefits offered by a full combination of data across all pulsars in the IPTA, i.e., the IPTA’s Data Release 3, which will involve not just adding in additional pulsars but also including data from all three PTAs where any given pulsar is timed by more than a single PTA.

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Title: Comparing Recent Pulsar Timing Array Results on the Nanohertz Stochastic Gravitational-wave Background
Creators - without role: G. Agazie - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
J. Antoniadis - Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas
A. Anumarlapudi - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
A. M. Archibald - Newcastle University
P. Arumugam - Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
S. Arumugam - Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
Z. Arzoumanian - Goddard Space Flight Center
J. Askew - ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery
S. Babak - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
M. Bagchi - Homi Bhabha National Institute
M. Bailes - ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery
A.-S. Bak Nielsen - Bielefeld University
P. T. Baker - Widener University
C. G. Bassa - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
A. Bathula - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali
B. Bécsy - Oregon State University
A. Berthereau - Université d'Orléans
N. D. R. Bhat - International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research
L. Blecha - University of Florida
M. Bonetti - Brera Astronomical Observatory
E. Bortolas - Brera Astronomical Observatory
A. Brazier - Cornell University
P. R. Brook - University of Birmingham
M. Burgay - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari
S. Burke-Spolaor - West Virginia University
R. Burnette - Oregon State University
R. N. Caballero - Hellenic Open University
A. Cameron - Swinburne University of Technology
R. Case - Oregon State University
A. Chalumeau - University of Milano-Bicocca
D. J. Champion - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
S. Chanlaridis - Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas
M. Charisi - Vanderbilt University
S. Chatterjee - Cornell University
K. Chatziioannou - California Institute of Technology
B. D. Cheeseboro - West Virginia University
S. Chen - Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences
Z.-C. Chen - Beijing Normal University
I. Cognard - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
T. Cohen - New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
W. A. Coles - University of California San Diego
J. M. Cordes - Cornell University
N. J. Cornish - Montana State University
F. Crawford - Franklin & Marshall College
H. T. Cromartie - Cornell University
K. Crowter - University of British Columbia
M. Curyło - University of Warsaw
C. J. Cutler - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
S. Dai - Western Sydney University
S. Dandapat - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
D. Deb - Institute of Mathematical Sciences
M. E. DeCesar - United States Naval Research Laboratory
D. DeGan - Oregon State University
P. B. Demorest - National Radio Astronomy Observatory
H. Deng - Oregon State University
S. Desai - Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
G. Desvignes - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
L. Dey - West Virginia University
N. Dhanda-Batra - University of Delhi
V. Di Marco - ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery
T. Dolch - Eureka Scientific
B. Drachler - Rochester Institute of Technology
C. Dwivedi - Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology
J. A. Ellis - Triangle : Action, Discours, Pensée politique et économique
M. Falxa - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
Y. Feng - Zhejiang Lab
R. D. Ferdman - University of East Anglia
E. C. Ferrara - Goddard Space Flight Center
W. Fiore - West Virginia University
E. Fonseca - West Virginia University
A. Franchini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca
G. E. Freedman - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
J. R. Gair - Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
N. Garver-Daniels - West Virginia University
P. A. Gentile - West Virginia University
K. A. Gersbach - Vanderbilt University
J. Glaser - West Virginia University
D. C. Good - University of Montana
B. Goncharov - Gran Sasso Science Institute
A. Gopakumar - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
E. Graikou - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
J.-M. Griessmeier
L. Guillemot - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
K. Gültekin - University of Michigan
Y. J. Guo - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Y. Gupta - National Centre for Radio Astrophysics
K. Grunthal - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
J. S. Hazboun - Oregon State University
S. Hisano - Kumamoto University
G. B. Hobbs - Australia Telescope National Facility
S. Hourihane - California Institute of Technology
H. Hu - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
F. Iraci - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari
K. Islo - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
D. Izquierdo-Villalba - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca
J. Jang - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
J. Jawor - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
G. H. Janssen - Radboud University Nijmegen
R. J. Jennings - West Virginia University
A. Jessner - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
A. D. Johnson - California Institute of Technology
M. L. Jones - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
B. C. Joshi - Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
A. R. Kaiser - West Virginia University
D. L. Kaplan - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
A. Kapur - Macquarie University
F. Kareem - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
R. Karuppusamy - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
E. F. Keane - Trinity College Dublin
M. J. Keith - University of Manchester
L. Z. Kelley - University of California, Berkeley
M. Kerr - United States Naval Research Laboratory
J. S. Key - University of Washington Bothell
D. Kharbanda - Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
T. Kikunaga - Kumamoto University
T. C. Klein - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
N. Kolhe - St Xavier’s College
M. Kramer - University of Manchester
M. A. Krishnakumar - Bielefeld University
A. Kulkarni - ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery
N. Laal - Oregon State University
K. Lackeos - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. T. Lam - Rochester Institute of Technology
W. G. Lamb - Vanderbilt University
B. B. Larsen - Yale University
T. J. W. Lazio - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
K. J. Lee - National Astronomical Observatories
Y. Levin - Columbia University
N. Lewandowska - State University of New York at Oswego
T. B. Littenberg - Marshall Space Flight Center
K. Liu - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
T. Liu - West Virginia University
Y. Liu - Bielefeld University
A. Lommen - Haverford College
D. R. Lorimer - West Virginia University
M. E. Lower - Australia Telescope National Facility
J. Luo - University of Toronto
R. Luo - Guangzhou University
R. S. Lynch - Green Bank Observatory , P.O. Box 2, Green Bank, WV 24944, USA
A. G. Lyne - University of Manchester
C.-P. Ma - University of California, Berkeley
Y. Maan - National Centre for Radio Astrophysics
D. R. Madison - University of the Pacific
R. A. Main - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
R. N. Manchester - Australia Telescope National Facility
R. Mandow - Macquarie University
M. A. Mattson - West Virginia University
A. McEwen - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
J. W. McKee - University of Hull
M. A. McLaughlin - West Virginia University
N. McMann - Vanderbilt University
B. W. Meyers - University of British Columbia
P. M. Meyers - California Institute of Technology
M. B. Mickaliger - University of Manchester
M. Miles - ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery
C. M. F. Mingarelli - Yale University
A. Mitridate - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
P. Natarajan - Yale University
R. S. Nathan - ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery
C. Ng - Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics
D. J. Nice - Lafayette College
I. C. Niţu - University of Manchester
K. Nobleson - Kumamoto University
S. K. Ocker - Cornell University
K. D. Olum - Tufts University
S. Osłowski - Manly Hospital
A. K. Paladi - Indian Institute of Science Bangalore
A. Parthasarathy - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
T. T. Pennucci - Eötvös Loránd University
B. B. P. Perera - University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo
D. Perrodin - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari
A. Petiteau - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
P. Petrov - Vanderbilt University
N. S. Pol - Vanderbilt University
N. K. Porayko - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
A. Possenti - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari
T. Prabu - Raman Research Institute
H. Quelquejay Leclere - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
H. A. Radovan - University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez
P. Rana - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
S. M. Ransom - National Radio Astronomy Observatory
P. S. Ray - United States Naval Research Laboratory
D. J. Reardon - Swinburne University of Technology
A. F. Rogers - Auckland University of Technology
J. D. Romano - Texas Tech University
C. J. Russell - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
A. Samajdar - University of Potsdam
S. A. Sanidas - University of Manchester
S. C. Sardesai - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
A. Schmiedekamp - Abington Memorial Hospital
C. Schmiedekamp - Abington Memorial Hospital
K. Schmitz - University of Münster
L. Schult - Vanderbilt University
A. Sesana - University of Milano-Bicocca
G. Shaifullah - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari
R. M. Shannon - ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery
B. J. Shapiro-Albert - West Virginia University
X. Siemens - Oregon State University
J. Simon - University of Colorado Boulder
J. Singha - University of Cape Town
M. S. Siwek - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
L. Speri - Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
R. Spiewak - University of Manchester
A. Srivastava - Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
I. H. Stairs - University of British Columbia
B. W. Stappers - University of Manchester
D. R. Stinebring - Oberlin College
K. Stovall - National Radio Astronomy Observatory
J. P. Sun - Oregon State University
M. Surnis - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal
S. C. Susarla - Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway
A. Susobhanan - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
J. K. Swiggum - Lafayette College
K. Takahashi - Kumamoto University
P. Tarafdar - Institute of Mathematical Sciences
J. Taylor - Oregon State University
S. R. Taylor - Vanderbilt University
G. Theureau - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
E. Thrane - ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery
N. Thyagarajan - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
C. Tiburzi - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari
L. Toomey - Australia Telescope National Facility
J. E. Turner - West Virginia University
C. Unal - Feza Gürsey Institute
M. Vallisneri - California Institute of Technology
E. van der Wateren - Radboud University Nijmegen
R. van Haasteren - Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
A. Vecchio - University of Birmingham
V. Venkatraman Krishnan - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
J. P. W. Verbiest - University of Central Florida
S. J. Vigeland - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
H. M. Wahl - West Virginia University
S. Wang - Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory
Q. Wang - Vanderbilt University
C. A. Witt - Adler Planetarium
J. Wang - Bielefeld University
L. Wang - University of Manchester
K. E. Wayt - Oregon State University
Z. Wu - Bielefeld University
O. Young - Rochester Institute of Technology
L. Zhang - National Astronomical Observatories
S. Zhang - Purple Mountain Observatory
X.-J. Zhu - Beijing Normal University
A. Zic - Macquarie University
The International Pulsar Timing Array Collaboration
Publication Details: The Astrophysical journal, Vol.966(1), p.105
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Identifiers: 991019525138507081
Academic Unit: Physics
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article