Abstract
Luck permeates our lives, and this raises a number of pressing questions: What is luck? When we attribute luck to people, circumstances, or events, what are we attributing? Do we have any obligations to mitigate the harms done to people who are less fortunate? And to what extent is deserving praise or blame affected by good or bad luck? Although acquiring a true belief by an uneducated guess involves a kind of luck that precludes knowledge, does all luck undermine knowledge? The academic literature has seen growing, interdisciplinary interest in luck, and this volume brings together and explains the most important areas of this research. It consists of 39 newly commissioned chapters, written by an internationally acclaimed team of philosophers and psychologists, for a readership of students and researchers. Its coverage is divided into six sections:
I: The History of Luck
II: The Nature of Luck
III: Moral Luck
IV: Epistemic Luck
V: The Psychology of Luck
VI: Future Research.
The chapters cover a wide range of topics, from the problem of moral luck, to anti-luck epistemology, to the relationship between luck attributions and cognitive biases, to meta-questions regarding the nature of luck itself, to a range of other theoretical and empirical questions. By bringing this research together, the Handbook serves as both a touchstone for understanding the relevant issues and a first port of call for future research on luck.
"This is an essential guidebook for anyone whose work engages conceptual or empirical questions about luck and related phenomena. It will be of great interest and use to anyone working in epistemology, philosophy of action, ethics, social and political philosophy, and the history of philosophy. This comprehensive volume boasts a long list of first-class contributors – Church and Hartman deserve hearty thanks and congratulations."
--E.J. Coffman, The University of Tennessee
"Debates about luck are central to a range of philosophical debates, from epistemology to free will. This impressive volume presents the state of art across this range, and extends it into new areas. It will be a central reference point for years to come."
--Neil Levy, Macquarie University
Ian M. Church is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Hillsdale College. He is the co-author (with Peter Samuelson) of Intellectual Humility: An Introduction to the Philosophy & Science (2017).
Robert J. Hartman is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow with the Lund-Gothenburg Responsibility Project at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. He is the author of In Defense of Moral Luck: Why Luck Often Affects Praiseworthiness and Blameworthiness (2017).
Section I: History of Luck
Nafsika Athanassoulis: Aristotle on Constitutive, Developmental, and Resultant Moral Luck
Sarah Broadie: Aristotle on Luck, Happiness, and Solon’s Dictum
René Brouwer: The Stoics on Luck
Jeffrey Hause: Thomas Aquinas on Moral Luck
Kate Moran: Immanuel Kant on Moral Luck
Craig Smith: Adam Smith on Moral Luck and the Invisible Hand
Piers Norris Turner: John Stuart Mill on Luck and Distributive Justice
Dani Rabinowitz: History of Luck in Epistemology
Andrew Latus: Thomas Nagel and Bernard Williams on Moral Luck
Section II: The Nature of Luck
Duncan Pritchard: Modal Accounts of Luck
Wayne Riggs: The Lack of Control Account of Luck
Nicholas Rescher: The Probability Account of Luck
Rik Peels: The Mixed Account of Luck
Nathan Ballantyne & Samuel Kampa: Luck and Significance
Fernando Broncano-Berrocal: Luck as Risk
Rachel Mckinnon: Luck and Norms
Section III: Moral Luck
Daniel Statman: The Definition of ‘Luck’ and the Problem of Moral Luck
Carolina Sartorio: Kinds of Moral Luck
Michael J. Zimmerman: Denying Moral Luck
Robert J. Hartman: Accepting Moral Luck
Laura W. Ekstrom: Luck and Libertarianism
Mirja Pérez de Calleja: Luck and Compatibilism
Section IV: Epistemic Luck
Ian M. Church: The Gettier Problem
Benjamin Jarvis: The Problem of Environmental Luck
Tim Black: Anti-Luck Epistemology
Stephen Hetherington: The Luck/Knowledge Incompatibility Thesis
John Greco: Luck and Skepticism
J. Adam Carter: Epistemic Luck and the Extended Mind
Section V: The Psychology of Luck
Steven D. Hales & Jennifer Adrienne Johnson: Cognitive Biases and Dispositions in Luck Attributions
Karl Halvor Teigen: Luck and Risk
Sabine Roeser: Emotional Responses to Luck, Risk and Uncertainty
Anastasia Ejova: The Illusion of Control
Matthew D. Smith & Piers Worth: Positive Psychology and Luck Experiences
Section VI: Future Research
J. D. Trout: Luck in Science
Joe Milburn & Edouard Machery: The Philosophy of Luck and Experimental Philosophy
Ori J. Herstein: Legal Luck
Carolyn McLeod & Jody Tomchishen: Feminist Approaches to Moral Luck
Guy Axtell: The New Problem of Religious Luck
Jordan Wessling: Theology and Luck